22A-D4P0H204

22A-D4P0H204很多人已經發(fā)現了變頻器對電機損傷的現象。例如，某水泵廠，近兩年來，他的用戶頻繁報告水泵在保修期內發(fā)生損壞的現象。而過去，這個水泵廠的產品質量十分可靠。經過調查，發(fā)現這些損壞的水泵都是用變頻器驅動的。

盡管變頻器損傷電機的現象越來越被人們所關注，但是人們對造成這種現象的機理還不清楚，更不知道如何來預防。本文的目的是解決這些困惑。

變頻器對電機的損傷

變頻器對電機的損傷包括兩個方面，定子繞組的損傷和軸承的損傷，如圖1所示。這種損傷一般發(fā)生在幾周至十幾個月內，具體時間與變頻器的品牌、電機的品牌、電機的功率、變頻器的載波頻率、變頻器與電機之間的電纜長度、環(huán)境溫度等諸多因素有關。電機的早期意外損壞給企業(yè)的生產帶來巨大的經濟損失。這種損失不僅是電機維修和更換帶來的費用，更主要的是意外停產帶來的經濟損失。因此，在使用變頻器驅動電機時，對電機損傷的問題有足夠的重視。

變頻器驅動與工頻驅動的區(qū)別

要了解工頻電機在變頻器驅動條件下更容易損壞的機理，首先了解變頻器驅動電機的電壓與工頻電壓有什么區(qū)別。然后再了解這種差別是如何對電機產生不良影響的。

變頻器的基本構造如圖2所示，包括整流電路與逆變電路兩部分。整流電路為普通二極管與濾波電容構成的直流電壓輸出電路，逆變電路將直流電壓變換成脈寬調制的電壓波形（PWM電壓）。因此，變頻器驅動電機的電壓波形是脈寬變化的脈沖波形，而不是正弦波電壓波形。用脈沖電壓驅動電機就是導致電機容易損壞的根本原因。

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